English | 中文 | Example | Word Explanation | 中文解释 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Universal | 普遍的 | The law of universal gravitation applies to all objects with mass. | Uni- (one) + -versal (turn). Applicable to everything or everyone. | 普遍定律适用于所有物体。词根“uni-”表示一个,词根“-versal”表示转,整体表示“适用于所有情况的”。 |
Equilibrium | 平衡 | The system is in equilibrium when all forces are balanced. | Equi- (equal) + -librium (state). State where opposing forces are balanced. | 平衡状态是指相反的力相互平衡。词根“equi-”表示相等,词根“-librium”表示状态,整体表示“力的平衡状态”。 |
Constant | 常量 | The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant. | Con- (together) + -stant (stand). A value that does not change. | 常量是不会变化的量。词根“con-”表示一起,词根“-stant”表示站立,整体表示“不变的量”。 |
Variable | 变量 | In this experiment, temperature is the independent variable. | Vari- (change) + -able (capable). A quantity that can change or vary. | 变量是可以变化的量。词根“vari-”表示变化,后缀“-able”表示能够,整体表示“能够变化的量”。 |
Proportional | 成比例的 | Force is proportional to mass and acceleration. | Proport- (relation) + -ional (related to). A relationship where quantities change in a fixed ratio. | 成比例的量是指两个量按固定比率变化。词根“proport-”表示比例,后缀“-ional”表示相关,整体表示“固定比率关系”。 |
Magnitude | 大小 | The magnitude of the force is 10 N. | Magn- (large) + -tude (state). Size or amount of something. | 大小指某物体的尺寸或数量。词根“magn-”表示大,后缀“-tude”表示状态,整体表示“某物的大小或数量”。 |
Vector | 矢量 | A force vector has both magnitude and direction. | Vect- (carry) + -or (agent). Quantity with both magnitude and direction. | 矢量是具有大小和方向的量。词根“vect-”表示携带,后缀“-or”表示代理,整体表示“具有方向的量”。 |
Scalar | 标量 | Temperature is a scalar quantity. | Scal- (ladder) + -ar (related to). Quantity with magnitude but no direction. | 标量是只有大小没有方向的量。词根“scal-”表示阶梯,后缀“-ar”表示相关,整体表示“没有方向的量”。 |
Approximation | 近似 | An approximation of the value is close to the exact value. | Approx- (close) + -imation (process). Estimate close to the actual value. | 近似是指与精确值接近的估计。词根“approx-”表示接近,后缀“-imation”表示过程,整体表示“接近的估计”。 |
Dimension | 维度 | The dimensions of the room are 5 meters by 3 meters. | Dimens- (measure) + -ion (state). Measure of the extent in space. | 维度指空间的范围或测量。词根“dimens-”表示测量,后缀“-ion”表示状态,整体表示“空间的范围或大小”。 |
Boundary | 边界 | The boundary of the system is defined by the container walls. | Bound- (limit) + -ary (related to). A dividing line or limit. | 边界是系统的限制或分界线。词根“bound-”表示界限,后缀“-ary”表示相关,整体表示“界限或限制”。 |
Conservation | 守恒 | The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. | Conserv- (preserve) + -ation (process). Principle stating that a quantity remains constant. | 守恒定律指出一个量保持不变。词根“conserv-”表示保存,后缀“-ation”表示过程,整体表示“保持不变的原则”。 |
Isolated | 孤立的 | An isolated system does not exchange energy with its surroundings. | Isolat- (separate) + -ed (past participle). System that does not interact with the environment. | 孤立系统不与外界交换能量。词根“isolat-”表示隔离,后缀“-ed”表示过去时,整体表示“与外界隔离的系统”。 |
Ideal | 理想的 | An ideal gas follows the ideal gas law perfectly. | Ide- (form) + -al (related to). A perfect model or condition. | 理想是指完美的模型或条件。词根“ide-”表示形式,后缀“-al”表示相关,整体表示“完美的模型或条件”。 |
Linear | 线性的 | The relationship between force and displacement is linear. | Line- (line) + -ar (related to). A straight-line relationship. | 线性是指直线关系。词根“line-”表示线,后缀“-ar”表示相关,整体表示“直线的关系”。 |
Nonlinear | 非线性的 | The graph shows a nonlinear relationship between variables. | Non- (not) + Linear (line). A relationship that is not a straight line. | 非线性是指不成直线的关系。词根“non-”表示否定,词根“linear”表示直线,整体表示“非直线关系”。 |
Gradient | 梯度 | The temperature gradient describes how temperature changes with distance. | Gradi- (step) + -ent (state). The rate of change in a quantity over distance. | 梯度是指某一量随距离变化的速率。词根“gradi-”表示步伐,后缀“-ent”表示状态,整体表示“随距离变化的量的速率”。 |
Symmetry | 对称性 | The symmetry of the system simplifies the calculations. | Sym- (together) + -metry (measure). Balanced or identical arrangement. | 对称性是指平衡或一致的排列。词根“sym-”表示一起,词根“-metry”表示测量,整体表示“平衡的排列”。 |
Uniform | 均匀的 | The object moves with uniform velocity. | Uni- (one) + -form (shape). Consistent or unchanging in form or manner. | 均匀是指不变化的状态。词根“uni-”表示一个,词根“-form”表示形式,整体表示“保持一致的形式”。 |
Periodic | 周期性的 | The motion of the pendulum is periodic. | Period- (time) + -ic (related to). Occurring at regular intervals. | 周期性是指以固定间隔发生的现象。词根“period-”表示时间,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“固定时间间隔的现象”。 |
At Rest | 静止 | The object is initially at rest before force is applied. | At (in a state) + Rest (stillness). Not moving or in motion. | 静止是指物体没有运动。词根“rest”表示静止,整体表示“处于静止状态”。 |
Initial | 初始的 | The initial velocity of the car is 20 m/s. | Init- (begin) + -ial (related to). Referring to the beginning or start. | 初始是指某过程或现象的开始。词根“init-”表示开始,后缀“-ial”表示相关,整体表示“开始时的状态”。 |
Final | 最终的 | The final velocity of the object is 50 m/s. | Fin- (end) + -al (related to). Referring to the end or conclusion. | 最终是指某过程的结束。词根“fin-”表示结束,后缀“-al”表示相关,整体表示“结束时的状态”。 |
Static | 静态的 | A static system has no net force acting on it. | Stat- (standing) + -ic (related to). Not moving or changing with time. | 静态是指物体不运动或状态不变化。词根“stat-”表示站立,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“不动的状态”。 |
Dynamic | 动态的 | A dynamic system involves motion and change. | Dynam- (power) + -ic (related to). Involving motion or force. | 动态是指涉及运动或力的状态。词根“dynam-”表示力量,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“涉及运动的状态”。 |
Isotropic | 各向同性的 | An isotropic material has identical properties in all directions. | Iso- (equal) + -tropic (related to direction). Having the same properties in all directions. | 各向同性是指材料在所有方向上具有相同的性质。词根“iso-”表示相等,词根“-tropic”表示方向,整体表示“在所有方向上性质相同”。 |
Anisotropic | 各向异性的 | An anisotropic material has different properties in different directions. | An- (not) + Iso- (equal) + -tropic (related to direction). Having different properties in different directions. | 各向异性是指材料在不同方向上具有不同的性质。词根“an-”表示否定,词根“iso-”表示相等,词根“-tropic”表示方向,整体表示“在不同方向上性质不同”。 |
Homogeneous | 均匀的 | A homogeneous mixture has the same composition throughout. | Homo- (same) + -geneous (produced by). Having a uniform composition. | 均匀是指组成成分在整个物体或混合物中一致。词根“homo-”表示相同,词根“-geneous”表示产生,整体表示“组成一致的”。 |
Heterogeneous | 异质的 | A heterogeneous mixture contains different components. | Hetero- (different) + -geneous (produced by). Composed of different parts. | 异质是指组成部分不同的物体或混合物。词根“hetero-”表示不同,词根“-geneous”表示产生,整体表示“组成部分不同的”。 |
Invariant | 不变的 | Certain physical laws are invariant under specific transformations. | In- (not) + Variant (changing). Not changing under certain conditions. | 不变是指在特定条件下不发生变化。词根“in-”表示否定,词根“variant”表示变化,整体表示“不变的状态”。 |
Symmetrical | 对称的 | A symmetrical object looks the same from different angles. | Symmet- (proportion) + -rical (related to). Having balanced proportions. | 对称是指平衡的比例。词根“symmet-”表示比例,后缀“-rical”表示相关,整体表示“平衡的比例”。 |
Asymmetrical | 不对称的 | An asymmetrical design lacks symmetry. | A- (not) + Symmet- (proportion) + -rical (related to). Lacking balance or proportion. | 不对称是指缺乏平衡或比例。词根“A-”表示否定,词根“symmet-”表示比例,词根“-rical”表示相关,整体表示“缺乏平衡的”。 |
Perturbation | 扰动 | Perturbation in the system can lead to changes in equilibrium. | Perturb- (disturb) + -ation (process). A small disturbance in a system. | 扰动是系统中一个小的干扰。词根“perturb-”表示扰乱,后缀“-ation”表示过程,整体表示“系统中的小干扰”。 |
Equivalence | 等价 | Energy and mass have equivalence according to Einstein’s theory. | Equiv- (equal) + -alence (state). State of being equal in value or function. | 等价是指在价值或功能上相等。词根“equiv-”表示相等,后缀“-alence”表示状态,整体表示“相等的状态”。 |
Flux | 通量 | Magnetic flux is the measure of the total magnetic field passing through a surface. | Flux (flow). The quantity of something passing through a surface. | 通量是指通过一个表面的某种量。词根“flux”表示流动,整体表示“通过表面的量”。 |
English | 中文 | Example | Word Explanation | 中文解释 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Velocity | 速度 | Calculate the velocity of the car after 5 seconds. | Veloc- (speed) + -ity (state or condition). Refers to speed and direction. | 速度不仅包括物体移动的快慢,还包含了移动的方向。通过分解词根“veloc”(速度)和后缀“-ity”(状态),可以更好地理解其含义。 |
Acceleration | 加速度 | The acceleration of the rocket increases over time. | Accelerate (to speed up) + -ion (action or process). Rate of change of velocity. | 加速度描述了物体速度变化的快慢。词根“accelerate”意为加速,后缀“-ion”表示动作或过程,结合起来理解为“加速的过程”。 |
Displacement | 位移 | Determine the displacement of the object after 3 meters. | Dis- (apart) + place (to put) + -ment (result). Change in position. | 位移指物体位置的变化。词根“dis-”表示分开,词根“place”表示放置,后缀“-ment”表示结果,整体意思为“位置的变化结果”。 |
Momentum | 动量 | A moving truck has more momentum than a bicycle. | Moment (force) + -um (noun suffix). Quantity of motion an object has. | 动量是物体运动量的量度。词根“moment”表示力,后缀“-um”是名词后缀,表示“动量”。 |
Gravity | 重力 | Gravity causes the apple to fall to the ground. | Grav- (heavy) + -ity (state). Force attracting a body toward Earth's center. | 重力是吸引物体向地球中心的力。词根“grav-”表示重,后缀“-ity”表示状态,整体表示“重的状态”。 |
Kinetic | 动的 | Kinetic energy depends on the mass and velocity. | Kinet- (motion) + -ic (related to). Energy due to motion. | 动能与物体的运动有关。词根“kinet-”表示运动,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“与运动相关的”。 |
Potential | 势能 | The ball has potential energy at the top of the hill. | Potent- (powerful) + -ial (related to). Energy stored due to position. | 势能是物体由于其位置而储存的能量。词根“potent-”表示有力,后缀“-ial”表示相关,整体表示“与有力相关的”。 |
Friction | 摩擦力 | Friction slows down the sliding block. | Frict- (rub) + -ion (action). Resistance when surfaces move against each other. | 摩擦力是物体表面相互运动时产生的阻力。词根“frict-”表示摩擦,后缀“-ion”表示动作,整体表示“摩擦的动作”。 |
Torque | 力矩 | Calculate the torque applied by the wrench. | Torq- (twist) + -ue (action/result). Force causing rotation around an axis. | 力矩是使物体绕轴旋转的力。词根“torq-”表示扭转,后缀“-ue”表示动作或结果,整体表示“扭转的动作或结果”。 |
Equilibrium | 平衡 | The seesaw is in equilibrium when both sides are balanced. | Equi- (equal) + -librium (balance). State with balanced forces and no net motion. | 平衡是所有力平衡且没有净运动的状态。词根“equi-”表示相等,后缀“-librium”表示平衡,整体表示“平衡状态”。 |
Force | 力 | A constant force is applied to the object. | For- (support) + -ce (noun suffix). An influence that can change an object's motion. | 力是可以改变物体运动的影响。词根“for-”表示支持,后缀“-ce”是名词后缀,表示“力”。 |
Mass | 质量 | Determine the mass of the object using the equation. | Mass (substance) + no suffix. Measure of the amount of matter in an object. | 质量是物体中物质的量度。词根“mass”表示物质,没有后缀,表示“质量”。 |
Energy | 能量 | Calculate the kinetic energy of the moving car. | Ener- (active) + -gy (state). Capacity to do work. | 能量是做功的能力。词根“ener-”表示活跃,后缀“-gy”表示状态,整体表示“能量的状态”。 |
Power | 功率 | The engine has a power of 150 horsepower. | Pow- (strength) + -er (agent). Rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. | 功率是做功或能量传递的速率。词根“pow-”表示力量,后缀“-er”表示代理,整体表示“功率”。 |
Work | 功 | Work is done when a force moves an object over a distance. | Work (activity) + no suffix. Transfer of energy through force applied over distance. | 功是通过在距离上施加力来转移能量。词根“work”表示活动,没有后缀,表示“功”。 |
Inertia | 惯性 | An object in motion stays in motion due to inertia. | Inert (inactive) + -ia (state). Resistance to changes in motion. | 惯性是物体保持运动状态的特性。词根“inert”表示不活动,后缀“-ia”表示状态,整体表示“惯性状态”。 |
Newton | 牛顿(力单位) | Force is measured in newtons. | Newt- (from Sir Isaac Newton) + -on (unit suffix). Unit of force. | 牛顿是力的单位,来自艾萨克·牛顿爵士的名字,后缀“-on”表示单位后缀,整体表示“力的单位牛顿”。 |
Vector | 向量 | Velocity is a vector quantity. | Vect- (carry) + -or (agent). Quantity with both magnitude and direction. | 向量是具有大小和方向的量。词根“vect-”表示携带,后缀“-or”表示代理,整体表示“携带方向的量”。 |
Scalar | 标量 | Temperature is a scalar quantity. | Scalar (from scalar multiplication) + no suffix. Quantity with magnitude only. | 标量是只有大小没有方向的量。词根“scalar”来自标量乘法,没有后缀,表示“只有大小的量”。 |
Trajectory | 轨迹 | Calculate the trajectory of the projectile. | Traject- (throw) + -ory (related to). Path an object follows through space. | 轨迹是物体在空间中运动所遵循的路径。词根“traject-”表示抛射,后缀“-ory”表示相关,整体表示“抛射的路径”。 |
Projectile | 抛射体 | The projectile was launched at an angle of 45 degrees. | Project (to throw) + -ile (capable of). An object thrown into space. | 抛射体是被抛向空间的物体。词根“project”表示投掷,后缀“-ile”表示能够,整体表示“能够被投掷的物体”。 |
Oscillation | 振动 | The pendulum exhibits simple harmonic oscillation. | Oscill- (to swing) + -ation (process). Repeated back and forth movement. | 振动是物体来回反复运动的过程。词根“oscill-”表示摆动,后缀“-ation”表示过程,整体表示“摆动的过程”。 |
Amplitude | 振幅 | Measure the amplitude of the oscillating wave. | Amplit- (size) + -ude (state). Maximum displacement from equilibrium. | 振幅是波动的最大位移。词根“amplit-”表示大小,后缀“-ude”表示状态,整体表示“最大位移的状态”。 |
Frequency | 频率 | The frequency of the wave is 50 Hz. | Frequen- (common) + -cy (state). Number of cycles per unit time. | 频率是单位时间内的周期数。词根“frequen-”表示常见,后缀“-cy”表示状态,整体表示“周期的状态”。 |
Period | 周期 | Determine the period of the pendulum's swing. | Period (cycle) + no suffix. Time taken to complete one cycle. | 周期是完成一个循环所需的时间。词根“period”表示循环,没有后缀,表示“周期”。 |
Work-Energy | 功-能量 | The work done on the object increases its kinetic energy. | Work + Energy. Relationship between force, displacement, and energy transfer. | 功-能量关系描述了力、位移与能量转移之间的关系。词根“work”表示功,词根“energy”表示能量,整体表示“功与能量的关系”。 |
Collision | 碰撞 | Analyze the collision between the two cars. | Collid- (to strike together) + -ion (action). Interaction where objects impact each other. | 碰撞是物体相互撞击的互动。词根“collid-”表示撞击,后缀“-ion”表示动作,整体表示“撞击的动作”。 |
Impulse | 脉冲 | Impulse changes the momentum of the object. | Impuls- (push) + -e (action). Change in momentum resulting from a force applied over time. | 脉冲是由一段时间内施加的力引起的动量变化。词根“impuls-”表示推动,后缀“-e”表示动作,整体表示“推动的动作”。 |
Angular | 角的 | Angular velocity describes rotation speed. | Angul- (angle) + -ar (related to). Pertaining to angles or rotation. | 角的与角度或旋转相关。词根“angul-”表示角度,后缀“-ar”表示相关,整体表示“与角度相关的”。 |
Centripetal | 向心的 | Centripetal force keeps the car moving in a circle. | Centri- (center) + petal (seeking). Force directed toward the center of a circular path. | 向心力是指向圆路径中心的力。词根“centri-”表示中心,后缀“-petal”表示寻求,整体表示“寻向中心的力”。 |
Centrifugal | 离心的 | Centrifugal force appears to act outward on the rotating object. | Centrifug- (center-fleeing) + -al (related to). Apparent force acting outward on a rotating body. | 离心力是看似向外作用于旋转物体的力。词根“centrifug-”表示远离中心,后缀“-al”表示相关,整体表示“与远离中心相关的力”。 |
Static | 静止的 | Static friction prevents the object from moving. | Stat- (standing) + -ic (related to). Not moving or changing. | 静止的表示不动或不变化。词根“stat-”表示站立,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“与静止相关的”。 |
Dynamic | 动态的 | Dynamic forces are acting on the structure. | Dynam- (power) + -ic (related to). Relating to forces and motion. | 动态的与力和运动相关。词根“dynam-”表示力量,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“与力量和运动相关的”。 |
Rigid | 刚体的 | Assume the beam is rigid and does not bend. | Rig- (straight) + -id (fixed). Not deformable; maintaining shape under force. | 刚体的表示不易变形,在力的作用下保持形状。词根“rig-”表示直,后缀“-id”表示固定,整体表示“固定形状的”。 |
Elastic | 弹性的 | Elastic potential energy is stored in the stretched spring. | Elastic (able to return to original shape) + -ic (related to). | 弹性表示能够恢复原形。词根“elastic”表示有弹性的,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“与弹性相关的”。 |
Plastic | 塑性的 | Plastic deformation occurs when the material is permanently deformed. | Plast- (mold) + -ic (related to). Capable of being shaped or molded. | 塑性表示能够被塑形或模塑。词根“plast-”表示模具,后缀“-ic”表示相关,整体表示“与塑形相关的”。 |
Stress | 应力 | Calculate the stress on the bridge supports. | Stress (pressure) + no suffix. Force applied per unit area. | 应力是单位面积上的施加力。词根“stress”表示压力,没有后缀,表示“应力”。 |
Strain | 应变 | Measure the strain in the stretched material. | Strain (stretch) + no suffix. Deformation resulting from applied stress. | 应变是由施加的应力引起的变形。词根“strain”表示拉伸,没有后缀,表示“应变”。 |
Shear | 剪切力 | Shear force causes the material to deform sideways. | Shear (to cut) + no suffix. Force that causes layers to slide relative to each other. | 剪切力是导致材料横向变形的力。词根“shear”表示切割,没有后缀,表示“剪切力”。 |
Tension | 张力 | The tension in the rope supports the hanging mass. | Tens- (stretch) + -ion (action). Force transmitted through a string, rope, etc., when pulled tight. | 张力是通过绳索等传递的拉力。词根“tens-”表示拉伸,后缀“-ion”表示动作,整体表示“拉伸的动作”。 |
Compression | 压缩 | Compression force squeezes the material together. | Compress- (push together) + -ion (action). Force that reduces the size of an object. | 压缩力是将材料挤压在一起的力。词根“compress-”表示推挤,后缀“-ion”表示动作,整体表示“推挤的动作”。 |
Buoyancy | 浮力 | Buoyancy allows the boat to float on water. | Buoy- (float) + -ancy (state). Upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. | 浮力是流体对浸没物体施加的向上力。词根“buoy-”表示浮,后缀“-ancy”表示状态,整体表示“浮力的状态”。 |
Buoyant | 浮力的 | The buoyant force acts upward on the submerged object. | Buoy- (float) + -ant (agent). Capable of floating. | 浮力的表示能够浮起。词根“buoy-”表示浮,后缀“-ant”表示代理,整体表示“能够浮起的”。 |
Hydrostatic | 静水力学的 | Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth. | Hydro- (water) + static (standing). Relating to fluids at rest. | 静水力学的与静止的流体相关。词根“hydro-”表示水,词根“static”表示静止,整体表示“与静止流体相关的”。 |
Hydrodynamic | 水动力学的 | Hydrodynamic forces affect the movement of the ship. | Hydro- (water) + dynamic (moving). Relating to fluids in motion. | 水动力学的与运动中的流体相关。词根“hydro-”表示水,词根“dynamic”表示动态,整体表示“与运动流体相关的”。 |
Viscosity | 黏度 | Viscosity determines how fluid flows under force. | Visc- (sticky) + -osity (state). Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. | 黏度是衡量流体流动阻力的指标。词根“visc-”表示粘性,后缀“-osity”表示状态,整体表示“流体流动阻力的状态”。 |
Drag | 阻力 | Air resistance creates drag on the moving car. | Drag (pull) + no suffix. Force opposing an object's motion through a fluid. | 阻力是反对物体通过流体运动的力。词根“drag”表示拉扯,没有后缀,表示“阻力”。 |
Lift | 升力 | The wings generate lift to keep the airplane airborne. | Lift (raise) + no suffix. Force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion in fluids. | 升力是作用于流体中垂直于运动方向的力。词根“lift”表示提升,没有后缀,表示“升力”。 |
Pressure | 压力 | Calculate the pressure exerted by the fluid at depth. | Press- (push) + -ure (result). Force per unit area. | 压力是单位面积上的力。词根“press-”表示推动,后缀“-ure”表示结果,整体表示“单位面积上的推力”。 |
Pascal | 帕斯卡(压力单位) | Pressure is measured in pascals. | Pascal (unit name) + no suffix. SI unit of pressure. | 帕斯卡是压力的国际单位。词根“Pascal”来自单位名称,没有后缀,表示“压力单位帕斯卡”。 |
Stress-Strain | 应力-应变 | Analyze the stress-strain curve for the material. | Stress (force per area) + Strain (deformation). Relationship between force and deformation. | 应力-应变曲线分析材料在力和变形之间的关系。词根“stress”表示应力,词根“strain”表示应变,整体表示“应力与应变的关系”。 |
Elasticity | 弹性 | Elasticity determines how much a material can return to its original shape. | Elastic (stretchable) + -ity (state). Ability to return to original shape after deformation. | 弹性决定了材料在变形后恢复原形的能力。词根“elastic”表示有弹性的,后缀“-ity”表示状态,整体表示“恢复形状的能力”。 |
Hooke’s Law | 胡克定律 | Apply Hooke’s Law to find the spring constant. | Hooke’s (from Robert Hooke) + Law (rule). Relationship between force and displacement in springs. | 胡克定律描述了力与弹簧位移之间的关系。词根“Hooke’s”来自罗伯特·胡克,词根“Law”表示规则,整体表示“胡克定律”。 |
Spring Constant | 弹簧常数 | The spring constant measures the stiffness of the spring. | Spring (coil) + Constant (fixed value). Measures stiffness. | 弹簧常数衡量弹簧的刚度。词根“spring”表示弹簧,词根“constant”表示固定值,整体表示“弹簧的刚度测量值”。 |
Simple Harmonic Motion | 简谐运动 | The pendulum exhibits simple harmonic motion. | Simple (basic) + Harmonic (wave-like) + Motion (movement). Oscillatory motion. | 简谐运动是摆动的简化模型,表现为周期性的振动。词根“simple”表示简单,词根“harmonic”表示波动,词根“motion”表示运动,整体表示“周期性的振动运动”。 |
Damped Motion | 阻尼运动 | Damped motion gradually decreases over time. | Damp (reduce) + -ed (past participle). Motion where oscillations decrease due to resistance. | 阻尼运动是由于阻力导致振动逐渐减弱的运动。词根“damp”表示减弱,后缀“-ed”表示过去分词,整体表示“振动减弱的运动”。 |
Resonance | 共振 | Resonance occurs when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency. | Reson- (to echo) + -ance (state). Amplification when frequencies match. | 共振是驱动频率与自然频率匹配时发生的振幅放大现象。词根“reson-”表示回响,后缀“-ance”表示状态,整体表示“频率匹配导致的振幅放大”。 |
Frequency | 频率 | The frequency of the oscillation is 60 Hz. | Frequen- (common) + -cy (state). Number of cycles per second. | 频率是振动每秒的循环次数。词根“frequen-”表示常见,后缀“-cy”表示状态,整体表示“每秒的循环次数”。 |
Amplitude | 振幅 | Measure the amplitude of the wave. | Amplit- (size) + -ude (state). Maximum displacement from equilibrium. | 振幅是波的最大位移。词根“amplit-”表示大小,后缀“-ude”表示状态,整体表示“最大位移的状态”。 |
Phase | 相位 | The two waves are out of phase by 90 degrees. | Phase (stage) + no suffix. Relative position in the cycle of a wave. | 相位是波周期中的相对位置。词根“phase”表示阶段,没有后缀,表示“相位”。 |
Period | 周期 | The period of the pendulum is 2 seconds. | Period (cycle) + no suffix. Time to complete one cycle. | 周期是完成一个循环所需的时间。词根“period”表示循环,没有后缀,表示“周期”。 |
Angular Displacement | 角位移 | Calculate the angular displacement of the rotating wheel. | Angular (related to angles) + Displacement (change in position). | 角位移是旋转轮子的位置变化。词根“angular”表示与角度相关,词根“displacement”表示位移,整体表示“角度相关的位置变化”。 |
Angular Velocity | 角速度 | Determine the angular velocity of the spinning disk. | Angular (related to angles) + Velocity (speed and direction). | 角速度是旋转物体的旋转速度和方向。词根“angular”表示与角度相关,词根“velocity”表示速度,整体表示“与角度相关的速度”。 |
Angular Acceleration | 角加速度 | The angular acceleration increases as torque is applied. | Angular (related to angles) + Acceleration (rate of change of velocity). | 角加速度是旋转速度变化的速率。词根“angular”表示与角度相关,词根“acceleration”表示加速度,整体表示“与角度相关的加速度”。 |
Rotational Inertia | 转动惯量 | Calculate the rotational inertia of the solid cylinder. | Rotational (rotation) + Inertia (resistance to motion). | 转动惯量是固体圆柱体对旋转运动的抗拒程度。词根“rotational”表示旋转,词根“inertia”表示惯性,整体表示“旋转的惯性”。 |
Moment of Inertia | 惯性矩 | The moment of inertia depends on the mass distribution. | Moment (force) + Inertia (resistance to motion). | 惯性矩取决于质量分布。词根“moment”表示力,词根“inertia”表示惯性,整体表示“惯性的矩”。 |
Angular Momentum | 角动量 | Conservation of angular momentum applies to the spinning ice skater. | Angular (related to angles) + Momentum (quantity of motion). | 角动量是旋转物体的运动量。词根“angular”表示与角度相关,词根“momentum”表示动量,整体表示“与角度相关的动量”。 |
Lever | 杠杆 | A lever can be used to lift heavy objects with less force. | Lever (beam) + no suffix. Simple machine that amplifies force. | 杠杆是用来以较小力举起重物的简单机械。词根“lever”表示梁,没有后缀,表示“杠杆”。 |
Fulcrum | 支点 | The fulcrum is the pivot point of the lever. | Ful- (full) + crum (pivot). Fixed point on which a lever rests. | 支点是杠杆的旋转点。词根“ful-”表示完全,词根“crum”表示支点,整体表示“杠杆的固定旋转点”。 |
Pulley | 滑轮 | Use a pulley system to lift the load more easily. | Pull (draw) + -ey (instrument). Simple machine that changes the direction of force. | 滑轮是改变力方向的简单机械。词根“pull”表示拉,后缀“-ey”表示工具,整体表示“改变力方向的工具”。 |
Inclined Plane | 斜面 | An inclined plane reduces the effort needed to lift objects. | Inclined (sloping) + Plane (flat surface). Simple machine that allows lifting with less force. | 斜面是通过倾斜减少举起物体所需力的简单机械。词根“inclined”表示倾斜,词根“plane”表示平面,整体表示“倾斜的平面”。 |
Wedge | 楔子 | A wedge can split logs by applying force. | Wedge (splitter) + no suffix. Simple machine that converts force into a spreading action. | 楔子是通过施加力来劈开木材的简单机械。词根“wedge”表示劈开物,没有后缀,表示“劈开的工具”血 |
English | 中文 | Example | Word Explanation | 中文解释 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Radiation | 辐射 | Radiation from the sun heats the Earth. | Radiate (emit energy) + -ion (action). Transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. | 辐射是通过电磁波传递能量。词根“radiate”表示发射能量,后缀“-ion”表示动作,整体表示“能量通过电磁波的传递”。 |
Thermal Conductivity | 热导率 | Metals have high thermal conductivity, allowing them to transfer heat quickly. | Thermal (heat) + Conductivity (ability to transfer). Measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat. | 热导率是衡量材料传导热量能力的指标。词根“thermal”表示热,词根“conductivity”表示传导性,整体表示“传热的能力”。 |
Thermodynamics | 热力学 | The laws of thermodynamics govern energy transfer processes. | Thermo- (heat) + -dynamics (force). Branch of physics studying heat and energy transfer. | 热力学是研究热和能量转移的物理分支。词根“thermo-”表示热,词根“dynamics”表示力,整体表示“研究热和能量的学科”。 |
Internal Energy | 内能 | The internal energy of the gas increases with temperature. | Internal (inside) + Energy (capacity to do work). Total energy contained in a system. | 内能是系统内部的总能量。词根“internal”表示内部,词根“energy”表示能量,整体表示“系统中的总能量”。 |
Heat Capacity | 热容 | The heat capacity of the object determines how much energy is required to raise its temperature. | Heat (thermal energy) + Capacity (ability). The amount of heat required to change an object’s temperature. | 热容是指物体温度升高所需的热量。词根“heat”表示热,词根“capacity”表示容量,整体表示“改变温度所需的热量”。 |
First Law of Thermodynamics | 热力学第一定律 | The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. | First (initial) + Law (rule) + Thermodynamics (study of heat). The principle of energy conservation. | 热力学第一定律表明能量不能被创造或销毁。 |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | 热力学第二定律 | The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy always increases. | Second (following) + Law (rule) + Thermodynamics (study of heat). The principle of entropy increase. | 热力学第二定律表明熵总是增加。 |
Entropy | 熵 | Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system. | Entro- (within) + -py (state). Measure of randomness or disorder in a system. | 熵是衡量系统无序程度的指标。词根“entro-”表示内部,后缀“-py”表示状态,整体表示“系统的无序状态”。 |
Isothermal | 等温的 | An isothermal process occurs at constant temperature. | Iso- (equal) + thermal (heat). Process occurring at a constant temperature. | 等温过程是在恒定温度下进行的过程。词根“iso-”表示相等,词根“thermal”表示热,整体表示“温度恒定的过程”。 |
Adiabatic | 绝热的 | An adiabatic process involves no heat exchange with the environment. | Adi- (not) + -batic (passable). Process where no heat is transferred in or out. | 绝热过程是不与外界进行热量交换的过程。词根“adi-”表示不,词根“batic”表示可通过,整体表示“无热量交换的过程”。 |
Isobaric | 等压的 | An isobaric process occurs at constant pressure. | Iso- (equal) + baric (pressure). Process occurring at a constant pressure. | 等压过程是在恒定压力下进行的过程。词根“iso-”表示相等,词根“baric”表示压力,整体表示“恒定压力的过程”。 |
Isochoric | 等容的 | An isochoric process occurs at constant volume. | Iso- (equal) + choric (volume). Process occurring at a constant volume. | 等容过程是在恒定体积下进行的过程。词根“iso-”表示相等,词根“choric”表示体积,整体表示“恒定体积的过程”。 |
Carnot Cycle | 卡诺循环 | The Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine cycle. | Carnot (from Sadi Carnot) + Cycle (repeating process). Idealized heat engine cycle. | 卡诺循环是最有效的热机循环。词根“Carnot”来源于萨迪·卡诺,词根“cycle”表示循环,整体表示“理想化的热机循环”。 |
Reversible Process | 可逆过程 | A reversible process can be reversed without any change in entropy. | Reversible (able to be turned back) + Process (action). A process that can be reversed with no net change. | 可逆过程是指在没有净变化的情况下可以逆转的过程。词根“reversible”表示可逆,词根“process”表示过程,整体表示“可逆的过程”。 |
Irreversible Process | 不可逆过程 | An irreversible process results in an increase in entropy. | Ir- (not) + Reversible (able to be reversed). A process that cannot return to its original state. | 不可逆过程是不能返回到原始状态的过程。词根“ir-”表示否定,词根“reversible”表示可逆,整体表示“不可逆的过程”。 |
Thermal Expansion | 热膨胀 | Most materials undergo thermal expansion when heated. | Thermal (heat) + Expansion (increase in size). Increase in size due to heat. | 热膨胀是指物体受热后体积增加。词根“thermal”表示热,词根“expansion”表示膨胀,整体表示“受热膨胀”。 |
Phase Transition | 相变 | Water undergoes a phase transition from liquid to gas when heated. | Phase (state) + Transition (change). Change of state from one phase to another. | 相变是指物质从一种状态转变为另一种状态。词根“phase”表示状态,词根“transition”表示转变,整体表示“状态的转变”。 |
Latent Heat | 潜热 | Latent heat is the energy required for a phase transition. | Latent (hidden) + Heat (thermal energy). Heat required for a change of phase. | 潜热是指物质发生相变所需的热量。词根“latent”表示隐藏,词根“heat”表示热,整体表示“相变所需的热量”。 |
Vaporization | 汽化 | Vaporization occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. | Vapor (gas) + -ization (process). Process of a liquid becoming a gas. | 汽化是指液体变成气体的过程。词根“vapor”表示气体,后缀“-ization”表示过程,整体表示“液体变为气体的过程”。 |
Condensation | 凝结 | Condensation is the process by which a gas becomes a liquid. | Condense (to make denser) + -ation (process). Process of gas turning into liquid. | 凝结是指气体变成液体的过程。词根“condense”表示浓缩,后缀“-ation”表示过程,整体表示“气体变为液体的过程”。 |
Boiling Point | 沸点 | The boiling point of water is 100°C at sea level. | Boil (to heat to vapor) + Point (specific condition). Temperature at which a liquid boils. | 沸点是液体达到沸腾的温度。词根“boil”表示沸腾,词根“point”表示特定条件,整体表示“液体开始沸腾的温度”。 |
Melting Point | 熔点 | The melting point of ice is 0°C. | Melt (to liquefy) + Point (specific condition). Temperature at which a solid melts. | 熔点是固体变为液体的温度。词根“melt”表示熔化,词根“point”表示特定条件,整体表示“固体开始熔化的温度”。 |
Freezing Point | 冰点 | The freezing point of water is 0°C. | Freeze (to solidify) + Point (specific condition). Temperature at which a liquid freezes. | 冰点是液体开始冻结为固体的温度。词根“freeze”表示冻结,词根“point”表示特定条件,整体表示“液体冻结的温度”。 |
Sublimation | 升华 | Sublimation occurs when a solid changes directly into a gas. | Sublime (to elevate) + -ation (process). Process of a solid turning directly into gas. | 升华是指固体直接变为气体的过程。词根“sublime”表示升高,后缀“-ation”表示过程,整体表示“固体直接变为气体的过程”。 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |